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Tuesday, November 24, 2009

MLA Citation Guide

This is from Connor. Thanks!
MLA Citation Guide—DO NOT THROW OUT!!

Works Cited= the page that lists all of the sources you have cited in your paper. It does not include sources you may have read but did not cite in you paper.

The works-cited list follows the format below:

1. Page Title: Begin your works cited page on a new page (the next page after the text).
§ Label the page Works Cited (do not underline the words Works Cited or put them in quotation marks).
§ Center the title Works Cited one inch from the top.

2. Entries: Begin each entry flush with the left margin.
§ If the entry runs more than one line, indent the second (and any additional lines of the citation) five spaces so that you create a hanging indent.
§ Double-space between all lines on Works Cited page.
§ Single-space between words and after punctuation marks in a Works Cited entry.
§ List each entry alphabetically by the author’s last name. If there is no author, use the first word of the title (disregard a, an, and the).

3. Capitalization and Punctuation:
§ Capitalize each word in the titles of articles, books, etc, but do not capitalize articles (a, an, the), short prepositions (ex. in, of), or conjunctions (and, or, but) unless one is the first word of the title or subtitle. Ex. Gone with the Wind, The Art of War, There Is Nothing Left to Lose, And Then There Were None
§ Use italics or underlining for titles of larger works (books, encyclopedias, website names) and quotation marks for titles of shorter works (articles)

Example:

Sebranek, Patrick, et al. Writers Inc.: A Student Handbook for Writing and Learning.

Wilmington: Write Source, 2001.


MLA Citation: Books

Important Elements

§ Author
§ Title of the Book
§ Editor (if available)
§ Publishing City
§ Publisher
§ Copyright Date
§ Publication Medium


One Author

Author’s Last Name, First Name. Title of the Book. Ed. Editor’s Name. Publishing City:

Publisher, Copyright Date. Publication Medium.

Example

Fleming, Thomas. Liberty!: The American Revolution. Ed. Erich Fromme. New York:

Viking, 1997. Print.

Two Authors

First Author’s Last Name, First Name, and Second Author’s First Name Last Name. Title of the

Book. Ed. Editor’s Name. Publishing City: Publisher, Copyright Date. Publication

Medium.

Example

Sennett, Richard, and Jonathan Cobb. The Hidden Injuries of Class. New York: Vintage Books,

1972. Print.

Three or More Authors

First Author’s Last Name, First Name, et. al. Title of the Book. Ed. Editor’s Name. Publishing

City: Publisher, Copyright Date. Publication Medium.

Example

Roberts, Simon, et. al. The Complete Java 2 Certification Study Guide. Alameda: Sybex,

1999. Print.


MLA Citation: Encyclopedias

Important Elements

§ Author (if indicated)
§ Title of Article
§ Title of Encyclopedia
§ Copyright Date
§ Publication Medium


Encyclopedia with an Author

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Encyclopedia’s Name. Copyright Date.

Publication Medium.

Example

Dillard, Jennifer. “Bricks.” World Book Encyclopedia. 1998. Print.


Encyclopedia without an Author

“Article Title.” Encyclopedia’s Name. Copyright Date. Publication Medium.

Example

“Egypt.” The New Encyclopedia Britannica. 2002. Print


MLA Citation: Anthologies

Important Elements


§ Author (if indicated)
§ Title of Article
§ Title of Anthology
§ Editor (if indicated)
§ Volume Number
§ Publishing City
§ Publisher
§ Copyright Date
§ Publication Medium


Anthology with an Author

Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Article Title.” Anthology’s Name. Ed. Editor’s Name.

Vol. Number. Publishing City: Publisher, Copyright Date. Publication Medium.

Example

Chew, Kathryn. “Echo.” Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology. Ed. C. Scott Littleton. Vol. 4.

New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2005. Print.


Anthology without an Author

“Article Title.” Anthology’s Name. Ed. Editor’s Name. Vol. Number. Publishing City:

Publisher, Copyright Date. Publication Medium.

Example

“Dido.” Exploring Ancient Cultures. Ed. Terese Wilde. Vol. 3. New York: Marshall

Cavendish, 2005. Print.



MLA Citation: Internet

Important Elements


§ Author
§ Title of the Article
§ Title of the Web Page (do not include “.com”)
§ Date the Site Was Created, Updated, or Copyrighted
§ URL Address of the Site’s HOME PAGE!
§ Date of Access
§ Publication Medium



Internet with an Author

Author’s Last Name, First Name (if available). “Page/Article Title.” The Title of the
Website Date the Site Was Created/Updated/or Copyright Date. Date of Access. Publication Medium.
Example

Measom, James L. “President Abraham Lincoln.” Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National

Historic Site 22 Dec. 2006. 23 Nov. 2007. Web.


Internet without an Author

“Page/Article Title.” The Title of the Website Date the Site Was Created/Updated/or

Copyright Date. Date of Access. Publication Medium.

Example

“President Abraham Lincoln.” Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historic Site 22 Dec.

2006. Nov. 2007. Web.


Works Cited

Chew, Kathryn. “Echo.” Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology. Ed. C. Scott Littleton. Vol. 4.

New York: Marshall Cavendish, 2005. Print.

“Dido.” Exploring Ancient Cultures. Ed. Terese Wilde. Vol. 3. New York: Marshall

Cavendish, 2005. Print.

Dillard, Jennifer. “Bricks.” World Book Encyclopedia. 1998. Print.

“Egypt.” The New Encyclopedia Britannica. 2002. Print.

Fleming, Thomas. Liberty!: The American Revolution. Ed. Erich Fromme. New York:

Viking, 1997. Print.

Humble, Sarah Jane. “George Washington (1789-1797).” The White House 3 Apr. 2009.

3 Apr. 2009. Web.

Roberts, Simon, et. al. The Complete Java 2 Certification Study Guide. Alameda: Sybex,

1999. Print.

Sebranek, Patrick, et al. Writers Inc.: A Student Handbook for Writing and Learning.

Wilmington: Write Source, 2001. Print.
Sennett, Richard, and Jonathan Cobb. The Hidden Injuries of Class. New York: Vintage
Books, 1972. Print.

Friday, October 23, 2009

A1: Write-up an Experiment with Beta Fish that would demonstrate natural selection (a bonus section: drug experimental design)

PDF Version










Designing Experiments
Handout
PreLab

Note: This handout only lists the questions in "Designing Your Own Lab Experiments." For examples and to access associated links, you will have to view the on-line version of this document.
Where do scientific experiments come from?

In some labs, you will be given a scientific problem to solve by designing your own experiment. If that is the case, go on to PreLab Question #1 (below). But if you have been asked to come up with your own scientific problem, you need to do some thinking before beginning to answer the PreLab questions:
A scientific problem is something you don’t understand but you can do an experiment to help you understand. Scientific problems are usually based on observation of scientific phenomena. Here is some advice to help you identify a scientific problem you can address by designing your own experiment.

1) Find a topic:
A topic is a relatively specific area of knowledge, or subject, you will be working in, such as smoking and lung cancer, sexual selection in birds, gravity, Newton's Laws of Motion, properties of water, etc... If you have been given a topic, you may need to narrow it, to identify a more specific topic within the broader one. This can make it easier to work with. If you are supposed to choose your own topic, do some brainstorming about things you have learned about in your science course that was particularly interesting for you, something you’d like to know more about. Write down some possible topics and choose the one that seems most interesting to you.

2) Identify a problem within the topic:
The problem is something you’d like to know more about, a question you’d like to answer. Questions can come from many different sources: from lectures or textbooks, from an experiment you have done that raised other questions, from articles you’ve read in scientific journals or even newspapers and magazines. To identify a scientific problem, then, you can find sources that relate to your topic and look to see what problems are raised in your search. Write down the problems that you find. Choose one that would be interesting to solve and that is feasible for you to solve. Now you are ready to answer the following PreLab questions:
Questions to answer before doing the lab:
1. What is the problem? Describe the problem in your own words. Be sure that your description includes known factors (information about the problem given to you in the lab in a problem statement, for example) and unknowns (what you need to find out in order to solve the problem). Then restate the problem in the form of a question or questions that will guide your research.







2. What do you know about the science of the problem that could help you answer your research question? State the scientific concept that the lab is about (something like the quantization of energy, photosynthesis, or momentum conservation). Write down information you can find about the concept that might be useful in answering your research question (check lab manual, textbook, class notes, handouts, etc.). Note any citations of sources you use. Go to Citations and References for more help.







3. What is your hypothesis for the answer to your research question? Using what you know about the problem and the scientific concept of the lab, state a hypothesis, your best estimation of the answer to your research question. Then describe the reasoning that led you to your hypothesis, using what you know about the scientific concept as a basis for your reasoning.





4. What variables can you use to test your hypothesis? A well-designed experiment needs to have variables. Look over your hypothesis, and identify the variables that you will be testing during your experiment: what you can measure or observe (dependent variables) and what you can manipulate in an experiment for the measurements or observations (independent variables). List your variables. Then describe, in words or in a sketch, the relationship among the variables as predicted by the hypothesis.






5. What experiment(s) could you use to test your hypothesis? Referring to the list of variables, brainstorm some experiments you could do that would allow you to manipulate variables so that you can make the measurements or observations necessary for testing the hypothesis.Your experiment may require control and treatment groups Choose the experiment most likely to yield the results you need to test your hypothesis. List the materials and outline the methods you will use for your experiment. (Remember that you have to work with the materials and lab instruments available to you.)

Wednesday, October 14, 2009

EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITIES

IF YOU BRING IN AND DONATE ANY OF THE FOLLOWING, YOU WILL GET AT LEAST 50 EXTRA CREDIT POINTS (MORE FOR THE MORE EXPENSIVE ITEMS). I AM NO LONGER ACCEPTING ROLY POLYS.
1. CRICKET FOOD
2. MOSQUITO NETTING
3. CHILD WADING POOL (PLASTIC)
4. EMPTY PLASTIC CONTAINERS OR EMPTY CANS (15 EXTRA CREDIT POINTS EACH)

IF YOU MISSED CLASS ON 10/14

IF YOU MISSED CLASS ON 10/14
October 14, 2009
Mr. Ong’s B2-B4. Please me nice to Ms. Freeman. Watch the video and answer the following questions. Please stay on task because this assignment is worth 50 points. It is due the next time we meet (so please finish it up as homework if necessary). For Zoology: Work on your stem cell paper over the break! If you don’t know about the stem cell paper, you can find a blue paper at the front or go to my blog. For Biology: For homework, define: symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, and parasitism (use our online book or the Internet). Find 3 examples of each (so there will be a total of 12 examples). Remember spelling and grammar is important! Use complete sentences. It is due the next time we meet. This assignment is worth 60 points.

IF ABSENT SPEND 1 HOUR AT http://www.pbs.org/kcet/shapeoflife/episodes/origins.html AND ITS ASSOCIATED LINKS TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS OR SPEND ONE HOUR DESIGNING AN EXPERIMENT FOR THE UPCOMING DISTRICT SCIENCE FAIR.
Mr. Ong
Episode 1:“Origins”(Sponges)
1) What was the first animal group?
What is the evidence for this
c o n c l u s i o n ?








2) How long ago did the first animal
appear on Earth?



3) How are scientists currently defining
the group called “animal”?




4) Should protozoans be considered
animals? Why or why not?








5) What does “multicellular” mean?
What is meant by “specialized” cells?









6) What do sponges eat?






1) What do you think the first animal
looked like?






2) How do you think that first animal
differed from today’s representatives?








3) Why do you think there would even
have been a first animal?








4) What do you think “evolution”
means?








5) What were the little organisms
that were flying along the sponge
tunnels? Learn more about
them by first exploring what
“plankton” means.








5.5) Please be skeptical and question at least two of the conclusions or inferences that were made in this video. How would you debate with the scientists or the videomakers? Write at least 8 good sentences.











6) How have relationships between
animal groups been determined
in the past? How is molecular
and genetic research influencing
our classification of animals into
related groups?

Friday, October 9, 2009

Stem Cell Opinion Research Paper

The Stem Cell Opinion Research Paper is due in 3 weeks. Go to http://sites.google.com/site/ongzoology/assignments for instructions on how to write the paper.

Thursday, October 8, 2009

Evolution Game

If you missed today's class, do this interactive and you should know all you need to know.
http://science.discovery.com/interactives/literacy/darwin/darwin.html

Biology Book Password (will help with your evolution packet)

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